Jentashapir Journal of Cellular and Molecular Biology
Volume:4 Issue: 5, 2013

Although advances in technology and increased use of production machinery have decreased manpower role, many industrial sites have exposed human resources to various dangers and a small mistake can often cause irreversible injuries. The purpose of this study was to analyze certain jobs and to detect the possible human errors in the steam boiler room of dairy industry using the PHEA method. In this study data were collected through two steps: In the first step, using observation, investigation, and documentation techniques, all tasks of involved employees in process were identified. Then, with respect to the obtained results, critical tasks were selected to analyze the human errors. In the second step, the error description (and consequences resulted from it) were determined. Several action plans for mitigation and elimination of human errors are also recommended. The results have shown that most errors were characterized as «control is not true,» with 110 repetitions, and the second type of errors «does not do the control» were obtained with 108 repetitions. For identified errors, 11 cases with 453 frequencies were identified. Most human-error causes were found as the forgotten, negligence and busy factors with the frequencies of 117, 111, 111, respectively. The results showed that PHEA technique can be used as an effective method to detect human errors and assess the consequences of the hazards resulted from the errors in the complex tasks.

Human resources are the most valuable resources in health services organizations. Since the rehabilitation employees play an important role in providing, maintaining, and improving the health of vulnerable groups in society, the investigation about the performance of these employees is a fundamental priority. The present study examined the correlation between staff burnout and quality of working life in rehabilitation centers in Ahvaz. This descriptive-analytic study was conducted among 178 full-time employees from rehabilitation centers in Ahvaz with at least one year of work experience in 2010. For data collection, demographic information questionnaire, Maslach Burnout questionnaire, and Walton Quality of Life questionnaire were applied. The data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient. The Results showed that 5. 6% of employees had high and 79. 8% moderate quality of life. Among the indicators of quality of working life, «individual rights» with 16. 9 in the highest occupational status and «social relationships» with mean of 7. 16 were in the lowest position. The Emotional exhaustion in 51. 7% of employees was at a low level, and 78. 6% of the employees showed high levels of depersonalization. About 99. 4% of subjects had high level of lack of personal success. According to the findings, the «quality of life» showed an inverse correlation with emotional exhaustion dimension (-0. 48). There was also a significantly inverse correlation between depersonalization and quality of working life (-0. 35). According to the results of this study, it is essential to promote quality of life for the rehabilitation employees in this sensitive area of action to reduce job burnout.

This study compared the health outcomes of abortion by vaginal misoprostol tablets and suction curettage in the first trimester of pregnancy. In this study, 220 pregnant women (under 14 week’s gestational age) who candidate for termination of pregnancy (due to fetal or maternal reasons) were divided into the treatment and surgery groups. In the medical abortion group, 600 μg vaginal misoprostol was given, then 36 hours later if needed this dose was repeated. However, if the remains of the pregnancy were observed by ultrasound 1 week after the initial dose, the curettage was done. Suction curettage was used in the surgical abortion group. In general, 79% of treatment group had a complete abortion without the need for surgical abortion. In all subjects of surgical groups, all products of pregnancy with surgical curettage were fully discharged. The mean satisfaction from amount of bleeding in the drug and medical abortion groups was 80% and 84%, respectively with no statistical difference.The obtained results showed that misoprostol as an effective alternative to surgical termination of pregnancy can be used at the first trimester abortions.

Activation of stress response during cardiac surgeries such as cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) can increase myocardial oxygen demand and consumption through induced tachycardia and augmented peripheral vascular resistance. These physiologic consequences may lead to increased morbidity and mortality by putting too great a strain on the already compromised organsystems. This controlled trial study was conducted to evaluate the effect of intrathecal bupivacaine plus general anesthesia on stress response in patients undergoing open heart surgery. Methods In this case, thirty patients undergoing open heart surgery were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous opioid [control group (n=15)] or intravenous opioid plus intrathecal bupivacaine [ITB group (n=15)]. Arterial blood samples were obtained from each patient at five predetermined times to measure plasma levels of norepinephrine and epinephrine and cortisol including: Immediately prior to spinal anesthesia; 5 min after sternotomy; 30 min after initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB); 30 min after separation from CPB; and 4 hours after separation from CPB. Administration of intrathecal bupivacaine plus general anesthesia significantly decreased plasma levels of cortisol, adrenalin and noradrenaline in treatment group as compared with control group at 5 min after sternotomy and 30 min after CPB starting and 4 hour after CPB ending, respectively. the findings showed the application of intrathecal bupivacaine to patients undergoing open heart surgery significantly decreases plasma levels of stress hormones.

X-ray, is one of the oldest, and yet the most widely used form of medical photographing. X-ray is a valuable tool to diagnose and examine many diseases such as arthritis, spinal injuries, pneumonia, bronchitis and even cancer. Running a quality control program of the radiology devices can reduce the absorbed dose in the patients. The aim of this study is to take the quality control test on the diagnostic radiology devices in the selected hospitals of Ahvaz city. In this study various parameters of quality control programs were measured by the researchers, including voltage accuracy, accuracy of irradiation time, voltage repeatability, repeatability of irradiation time, output repeatability of X-ray tube, conformity of the optical field with radiation field, being the radiation field perpendicular to the film, the maximum leakage of tube and the light intensity of collimator. Evaluating the voltage accuracy revealed that the radiology devices in the hospitals (A) and (C) fell below an acceptable standard. An Assessment of the maximum leakage of the tube showed that all selected radiology devices were of a good standard. Assessing the conformity of optical field with radiation field also showed that radiology devices fell below acceptable standard in the hospitals (D) and (C). In this study, all radiology devices in the selected educational hospitals of Ahvaz city made errors in some quality control tests except the radiology devices of hospital (B). The devices are required to be calibrated and their defects to be repaired.

Postural instability is one of the common problems of aging. However, with increased age many systems of body such as musculoskeletal system are affected and changed. One of these changes is knee flexion contracture. The study aimed to investigate the simulated knee flexion contracture effects on postural stability in elderly. 15 elderly subjects (11 men, 4 women) participated in this study. Postural stability at 0 and 30 degree of knee joints was evaluated utilizing of two rehabilitation knee braces (adaptable knee range of motion control brace). In 0 degree, braces did not cause any constraint whereas for knee joint in 30 degree, contracture was simulated so knee joints were in 30 degree flexion and extension not allowed. Postural stability in standing position with eyes open and closed were assessed by a force platform. COP data were analyzed to describe the stability of elderly persons. Result of this study showed that COP parameters in eyes closed condition were significantly increased (P<0.05). In addition, these results showed that in 0 degree with eyes open, postural sway was in minimum range; and in 30 degree simulated knee flexion contracture (KFC) with closed eyes, postural sway was maximum. This study concluded that postural stability of elderly people was affected by knee flexion contracture, a condition which stability was diminished and defected.

This study evaluates the frequency of diabetes complication in infants of diabetic mothers (IDMs), and investigates its relationship with patients’ follow-up care and maternal glucose control. Diabetic Mothers who delivered in Ahvaz Imam Khomeini Hospital in 2011 were given questionnaires to gather data on gender of infants, gestational age, type of diabetes (overt versus gestational), birth weight, birth trauma, Apgar score, respiratory distress, neonatal blood glucose, congenital anomalies, LBW and the way the mothers controlled their diabetes (follow-up visits to gynecologist, internist or endocrinologist and maternal glucose control). For each infant of a diabetic mother, one non-diabetic was chosen as a positive control. Out of 199 diabetic mothers, 151 (76%) suffered from gestational diabetes and 48 (24%) had overt DM. Low birth weight was present in 35 (18%) of neonates, macrosomia in 22 (11%), neonatal trauma in 10 (5%), respiratory distress in 28 (15%), congenital anomalies in 8 (4%) and hypoglycemia in 63 (32%). Rate of C/S, hypoglycemia, preterm labor and macrosomia were significantly higher in the diabetic group (P: 0.0001, 0.0001, 0.001 and 0.046 respectively). 130 mothers (66%) had regular follow-up visits and 66 (33%) had maternal glucose control, out of whom only 24 (12%) had correct and regular glucose control. Hypoglycemia and congenital anomalies had a significant lower rate in neonates of mothers with a regular visit (P: 0.001and 0.02 respectively). Maternal glucose control leads to significant reduction in the rate of congenital anomalies (P: 0.04). Regular visits of diabetic mothers and maternal glucose control can improve pregnancy outcome and decrease congenital anomalies and neonatal hypoglycemia.

Health care worker''s (HCW) mobile phones are one of the most important vehicles which transfer nosocomial infection agents. The aim of this study was identification of bacteria existing on HCW''s mobile phones in three Jundishapur university teaching hospitals in Ahvaz. It was in two groups: clinical and administrative staff. Samples were collected from 170 HCW''s mobile phones in Golestan, Emam Khomeini and Taleghani teaching hospitals. The samples consisted of two groups: group 1) Clinical personnel and group 2) Administrative personel. In each group 85 mobile phones were investigated and bacterial isolates were identified with gram and spore staining and standard biochemical tests consisting of catalase, oxidase, coagulase, manitol fermentation, TSI and other tests. Bacteria were isolated from 90% of the examined mobile phones: coagulase negative Staphylococci (69%), Bacilli (20.6%), Acinetobacter spp. (6%), Klebsiella pneumonia (1.8%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (1.2%) and Ecsherishia coli (0.6%). From 18 isolated pathogenic bacteria, 13 bacteria isolated from group one and five were related to bacteria isolated from group two. The results of this investigation show that HCW''s mobile phones reserve nosocomial infection agents. The number of pathogenic bacteria in group one was significantly more than that of the group two. Therefore, the health care workers should be trained the effective methods to prevent the bacterial transmission through this way in order to control transmissible infections.

Diagnostic radiology is the process of obtaining a high-quality image while minimizing the doses received by patients. Radiographers’ knowledge of protection and safety principles and their correct application plays a significant role in radiation protection. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the radiographers’ protection and safety knowledge, attitude and practice in the radiology wards at several hospitals in Ahvaz County. This study is a descriptive and cross-sectional one conducted using an observation checklist and a scientific questionnaire, respectively by the researcher and radiographers to evaluate the protection and safety practice and knowledge of radiographers in some selected hospitals in Ahvaz County. The collected data were analyzed, using the SPSS version 20, through descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation test and analysis of variance. A significant correlation exists between radiographers’ educational level and their protection and safety knowledge and practice. The results shows a significant difference between the protection and safety knowledge among radiographers in the selected hospitals as well as in their attitude and practice. It was also revealed that there exist a shortage of lead apron (29%) and a low level of its use even when available; the gonad and thyroid shield and lead partition for mobile radiology were not used at all. The present study confirms the need to highlight protection and safety principles in the departments of radiology to ensure the safety of radiographers and patients. In this regard, supplying protection equipment and holding courses on radiation protection are useful.

Epididymo-orchitis is rare in neonatal period and is caused by bacterial organism after bacteremia or retrograde reflux due to genitourinary abnormality. The most common bacterial organism is Escherichia coli (E. coli). We reported a neonate with epididymo-orchitis due to E. coli. There was no urinary tract abnormality. Blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid culture were negative.

This study aimed to evaluate factors that influence in: relapse of hyperthyroidism, the incidence of hypothyroidism and long-term treatment with different methods (e.g.: surgery, iodine therapy, anti-thyroid drugs) in Graves'' disease. In a retrospective study, 580 patients with Graves’ disease were evaluated. They were treated with one of the treatment methods from October 1999 until September 2005. Using a questionnaire that related data were collected: demographic information, onset of disease, the recurrence rate incidence of hyperthyroidism and side effects of treatment were collected. Out of 580 patients enrolled the study, 268 (46%) were treated with anti-thyroid drugs (for 18 months at least), 284 (49%) with radioactive iodine and 28 (5%) underwent the surgery. Recurrence rates of hyperthyroidism after treatment with anti-thyroid drugs, iodine therapy and surgery were recorded at 53%, 8%, 14%, respectively (P<0/001). Hypothyroidism occurence after three methods was 6%, 74% and 71%, respectively. Overall,; 6.39% of patients with Graves'' disease were treated with anti-thyroid drugs in 16 ± 31 months follow-up remained euthyroid without side effects. This figure was 18% in patients treated with radioactive iodine on 11 ± 30 months and 7% in surgical patients in 13 months follow up. The differences between the three groups were statistically significant (P<0.001). The result showed that the long term with anti-thyroid drugs was superior to surgery or radioactive iodine long-term euthyroidism with the study complication.

Suitable hearing amplification in hearing- impaired students is essential to improve learning process. The main purpose of this) a descriptive- analytic and a cross-sectional) study is to access to the exact statistical data of hearing aids and ear molds, the onset age of hard of hearing and the age of receiving hearing aids in hearing- impaired students of Ahvaz Roodaki deaf school. Furthermore, the researchers questioned the parents to find out the probable causes of hearing aid non-usage. In this investigation the researchers evaluated hearing aids, ear molds and the usefulness of hearing aids of the all students at Ahvaz Roodaki deaf school. Out of a total number of 66 students, 48 students (sixty-two hearing aids) were evaluated. Totally 21 hearing aids (33.8 percent) and 22 ear molds (35.48 percent) had problems. In defective hearing aids, hearing aid sound offset (52.38%) was the major problem. There was a statistical difference in hearing threshold, before and after using a hearing aid (p<0.05). Unsatisfactory of student and loud sound of hearing aid were two main reasons of non-using of hearing aid among children. An appropriate setting for hearing aid and making a good ear mold, can help the children that are hard of hearing to attain a desired hearing. So monitoring of hearing aid function and ear molds condition in hearing impaired students is highly recommended.